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Research paper
Retail Crime Risk Models: The Foundation of Intelligence-led Retail Crime Control
Focus area: Retail loss, safety and security
Foreword Across the globe, many retailers are experiencing rising and increasingly complex forms of criminal activity. At the same time, stores and supply chains are becoming more technologically enabled and
Research paper
Smart Inventory Record Inaccuracy (IRI) Prediction and Management
Focus area: Inventory accuracy
Foreword Our previous reports have called out the scale and nature of the problem of wrong inventory records. In this new report, we aimed to go further by asking a
Research paper
Self-checkout loss report 2026
Focus area: Self-checkout
Foreword We have been studying self-checkouts for over a decade. Our research in 2018, was the first published data on the scale and nature of losses retailers can expect, based
Research paper
Inventory accuracy as a capability: building maturity and customer value
Focus area: Inventory accuracy
Foreword: How to Reduce Inventory Inaccuracy Retailers make substantial investments in forecasting and replenishment systems; nevertheless, our research consistently indicates that over sixty percent of inventory records contain inaccuracies. This
Research paper
Defining and assessing inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) metrics
Focus area: Inventory accuracy
Foreword In retail, over 60% of inventory records in any one store have been found to be wrong, and when they are corrected and “trued up”, sales can grow by
Research paper
Designs Against Shoplifting Via Sustainable Packaging and Displays
Focus area: Retail loss, safety and security
ECR Foreword and Acknowledgements Design against shoplifting is growing into a big business. To protect their profits, retailers spend billions on technologies, fixtures and packaging to deter those that might
Research paper
Returns Fraud and Abuse: Diagnosing the Problem, Targeting the Response
Focus area: E-commerce loss | Retail loss, safety and security
Return fraud and abuse isn’t one problem — it’s two. This research separates opportunistic misuse from deliberate deception, then maps the tactics spreading online. It closes with practical guidance on governance, joined-up data and frontline checks that slow repeat offenders without punishing honest customers in the process.
Research paper
The 98%’: Strategic Marketing to Reduce Internal Theft in Retail
Focus area: Retail loss, safety and security
Internal theft is a major driver of unknown loss, yet most cases go undetected. This report explains the “98% problem” and shows how internal communications can shift behaviour at scale. It summarises evidence from retailer trials (including shrink reductions) and shares five winning campaign concepts and poster approaches developed with Loughborough Business School to help dissuade theft and collusion without damaging workplace culture.
Research paper
Exploring the true cost of unsold food in retail
Focus area: Food waste
Foreword Food waste reduction is a priority for all food retailers, in all parts of the world. This study was commissioned to bring new insights as to the cost of
Research paper
Scaling QR Codes with Embedded Date Codes in Retail
Focus area: Food waste
Foreword What you cannot see, you cannot manage. Today, retailers have very limited visibility to the age of the inventory in their supply chain or perhaps most critically, on the
Research paper
Food Surplus Management Maturity Model: How to Exit Surplus Food from Stores
Focus area: Food waste
A Food Surplus Management Maturity Model in Retail: Where is Your Business? Our food surplus management in retail research discovered varying levels of maturity across the different areas we explored in
Research paper
Food Surplus Management in Retailing: A Global Perspective
Focus area: Food waste
Foreword Food waste reduction is a priority for retailers, in all parts of the world. This global study on food surplus management in retail was commissioned to bring new insights
Research paper
Most at-Risk Stores: How to Engage Others in a Cross-Function Risk Mitigation Strategy
Focus area: Retail loss, safety and security
Foreword Elevated criminal risks in and around bricks and mortar stores can make it difficult to operate safely and profitably in some locations. The report, Fortress Stores: Keeping the Most
Research paper
Measuring Retail Shrink
Focus area: Retail loss, safety and security
Towards a shrinking KPI Retail shrinkage is the difference between the stock a retailer expects to have and what they actually have when they count it. It is one of
Research paper
The Utilisation of Video Analytics in Retail: A Survey of Retailers (2024 Edition)
Focus area: Video in retail
Foreword This is ECR Retail Loss’ second report on video analytics in retail focussed upon the extent to which retailers have deployed or are thinking about using a range of


